Bergmann vineyard, 1919
Occupation of the Rhineland

After the war

[Rhineland, 1918] Millions of soldiers had fallen, hundreds of thousands of people had starved to death, and the young republic was struggling against crushing burdens. There was much hunger, housing shortages and pauperization.

National Assembly at Weimar, 1919
Occupation of the Rhineland

Weimar and Versailles

[Germany, 1919] On February 6, 1919, the National Assembly met at the National Theater in Weimar, because fighting continued in Berlin. this venue has given the first German Republic its name.

Ehrenbreitstein 1919
Occupation of the Rhineland

American Forces in Coblenz

[Rhineland, autumn 1919] Chiara in America was relieved that the war was finally over. But still her husband John and his comrades were in Europe. Then she got a letter from him, posted in Coblenz.

Canadian soldier, Bonn 1920
Occupation of the Rhineland

A family reunion after the war

[Rhineland, autumn 1919] By the end of September, fraternization was finally allowed, and both Germans and American soldiers seemed pleased. Chiara made plans to meet her German relatives.

Demonstration against Kapp and Lüttwitz
Occupation of the Rhineland

Kapp-Putsch and Red Ruhr Army

[Rhineland and Berlin, March 1920] The first years of the Weimar Republic were almost civil war like. The deep division of the country, the hatred and the violent radicalization aggrieved Kathi and Max.

Coblence, allied soldier
Occupation of the Rhineland

The world is still askew

[Rhineland, 1920] The putsch and the Ruhr crisis were over. It had been days of tension for the American Forces, too, as Reichswehr troops marched into the Ruhr area, That contravened the Treaty of Versailles.

Boy in winter clothing
Occupation of the Rhineland

Rebuilding one’s life after the war

[Rhineland, spring 1920] The young Republic was overshadowed by political turmoil and great need. Many people blamed the republican politicians rather than the wartime leaders for the defeat and the hard Treaty of Versailles.

Vineyard worker 1921
Occupation of the Rhineland

Farewell

[USA, 1920/1921] In the USA, the political situation had changed decisively. In the presidential elections in 1920, the Republican Warren G. Harding ran his campaign on the slogan “return to normalcy”.

Ehrenbreitsteinstein, Coblence, 1919
Occupation of the Rhineland

Ehrenbreitstein

[Rhineland, 1922] Chiara and John left home for the United States, along with the majority of the AFG soldiers. General Allen prevented Ehrenbreitstein fortress from being destructed.